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Komodo National Park (TN. Komodo) is an area consisting of several islands with sea water. These islands are the habitat of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is an ancient reptile was left on earth. Unique natural conditions, there is a vast savanna with trees lontarnya (Borassus flabellifer).

Location of kawasam KNP at the western end of East Nusa Tenggara Province, exactly in between the island of Sumbawa (West Nusa Tenggara) and Flores Island (East Nusa Tenggara). Administratively the area is located within the District of Komodo, West Manggarai regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province.


Status and history of the Regions
In 1911, the Komodo dragon were first discovered by JKH Van Steyn
In 1912, these animals are named Varanus komodoensis by the PA. Owens
1912, the Sultan of Bima issued a decree to protect the Komodo dragon
In 1938, the Resident Flores issued a decision on the establishment of Rinca Island Wildlife Refuge, followed by determination of Padar Island Komodo Island Wildlife Reserve in 1965.
On March 6, 1980, Minister of Agriculture appointed P. Komodo, Padar, and Rinca as the Komodo National Park
In 1986, UNESCO Biosphere Reserve sets as (Man and Biosphere Reserve)
In 1991, UNESCO World Heritage (World Heritage Site)
In 1992, the Komodo determined by the President as a National Symbol
In 1992, changes the function of P. Komodo Wildlife Refuge, P. Rinca and P. Padar an area of ​​40,728 ha and the appointment of an area of ​​132,572 Ha Sea waters into the Komodo National Park.
In 2000, marine nature conservation area established by the Minister of Forestry with an area of ​​132,572 Ha.
In 2006, TN. Komodo National Park includes 20 models in Indonesia.

PHYSICAL

Geology

TN area. Komodo is located at the confluence of two continental plates Sahul and Sunda. Friction between the two plates, has caused huge volcanic explosion and the pressure causes the removal of coral reefs and volcanic phenomena is what makes the islands in the area of ​​TN. Komodo. Komodo West, estimated by experts formed in the era jurasic or about 130 million years ago, while the East Komodo, Rinca, and Padar, estimated to form about 49 million years ago in the era of eosin. The islands are constantly changing through a process of erosion and accumulation. Based on the geological scale 1:250.000 by Van Bemmelen in 1949, spread rock formations in TN. Komodo is the formation of andesite, volcanic deposits and effusive formations.

Topography

There are undulating topography of the Komodo National Park, in the form of hills and mountains. In some places there are steep slopes and steep with a slope of 80% and its height ranges between 0-735 m above sea level. The highest mountain is Mount Satalibo (735 m asl) is located at P. Komodo, and Mount Ora (667 m asl) in P. Rinca.

Climate

TN area. Komodo is strongly influenced by the rainy season with high humidity levels. Climate TN. Komodo is based on Schmidt and Ferguson's classification the climate is classified as type F (very dry). Dry months between April to October and wet months between November to March. Average rainfall 200-1500 mm per year. Temperatures generally range between 17-34 C, with an average humidity level of 36%.

BIOTIK

Savannas that dominate the mainland, with dry conditions limited natural fresh water spring and a hot air temperature is a good habitat for ancient reptile Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis)

Flora

Ecosystem TN. Komodo is influenced by the climate resulting from drought, high temperatures and low rainfall. Besides, TN. Komodo is located in the transition zone between the flora and fauna of Asia and Australia. Ecosystem of the waters affected by the impact El-Nino/La Nina, which resulted in a warming layer of seawater in the vicinity and often strong ocean currents.

Here are the types of vegetation found in Komodo National Park
Grassland and Forest Savana; There grassland and savanna forest which covers approximately 70% of TN. Komodo.Tumbuh various types of grasses including; Setaria adhaerens, Chloris barbata, Heteropogon contortus, Themeda and Themeda gigantea gradiosa pohn interspersed by palm (Borassus flobellifer) which is a typical plant.
Tropical Season (below 500 m asl); about 25% of the total area of ​​tropical forest vegetation meruapakan Komodo season with plant species, among others: kesambi (Schleichera oleosa), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), bulging (Sterculia foetida), and several types of Other tumubuhan.
Forest above 500 m asl; at altitudes above 500 m above sea level. On the hilltops, vegetation, among others; Collophyllum spectobile, Colona kostermansiana, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Ficus urupaceae, Mischarpus sundaicus, Podocarpus netrifolia, Teminalia zollingeri, Uvaria ruva, rattan (Callamus sp.), Bamboo (Bambusa sp.), And the tedh enough space usually found moss that live attached to rocks.
Mangrove; found in bay protected from the pounding waves yan. Vegetation types, among others; Rhizophora sp., Rhizophora mucronata, and Lumnitzera racemosa was the dominant vegetation types. But in general there are also fire-fire (Aicennia marina), Bruguiera sp., Capparis seplaria, Ceriops tagal and Sonneratia alba. Community pohn mangrove KNP is a barrier / natural physical barrier against soil erosion and its roots into the breeding, spawning, and protection areas for fish, crabs, shrimp, and mollusks.
Coral Reef: coral reef is a community that consists of a number of marine plants and animals, both living and dead. Coral reefs in Komodo TN merpakan important habitat for about 1000 species of fish. For example; barracuda, bengkolo, grouper, snapper, etc. as well as other types such as dolphins, manta rays, whales, octopus, green turtle, turtle cracked, turtle shell, sea horses, lobsters can be found in the waters of Komodo National Park. In addition, more than 250 species of reef-forming corals, at least 105 types of crustaceans, and 70 sponge species.

Fauna

Mammals; among others, deer (Cervus timorensis), coyotes (Cuon alpinus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), wild horse (Equus caballus) and wild buffalo (Bubalus Bubalus), ferrets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Rinca rat (Hundred ritjanus), and fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis and Pteropsis sp.)

Birds; there are 111 recorded bird species, among others; birds Hirst (Megapodius reinwardti), yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea), turtledove (Geopelia striata), turtledove (Streptopelia chinensis), green pergam (Ducula aenea), Philemon buceroides, bird king shrimp (Halcyon capensis), and sea birds glasses (Zosterops chloris).

Reptiles; there are 34 types of reptiles. Besides reptile Komodo dragons, other reptiles, among others; cobra (Naja naja), Russell snake (Viperia russeli), green tree snake (Trimeresurus albolabris), python (Python sp.), Sea snakes (Laticauda colubrina), lizards ( Scinidae, Dibamidae, and Varanidae), gecko (Gekko sp.), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas).

NATURE

The main attraction TN. Komodo is the existence of ancient giant reptiles in Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis), but the originality and distinctiveness of landscape, especially the panorama of savannah and the underwater panorama, is an attraction to potential supporters.
Eg marine tourism, fishing, snorkeling, diving, canoeing, boating. While on the mainland, the potential of nature tourism that can be done is observing animals, hiking, and camping. Visit the Komodo National Park and enjoy the natural scenery is very charming experience that will never be forgotten.

Some interesting sites to visit:
Loh Liang: a tourism concession area managed by PT. Putri Naga Komodo (PNK PT.). Activities that can be done include observation of the Komodo dragon, deer, boar, bird watching, canoeing etc..
Red Beach: a beautiful beach with shallow coral reef charming. Usual activities undertaken by tourists who visit are snorkeling or sunbathing.
Loh Sebita: Loh Sebita the mangrove areas and activities that are quite interesting to do is bird watching and trekking.
Loh Buaya: a tourism concession areas dielola by PT. Putri Naga Komodo (PNK PT.). Activities that can be done include observation of the Komodo dragon, deer, buffalo, birds, long-tailed monkeys, wild horses, bird watching, canoeing, etc..
Kalong Island: Activities that can be visited include the observation colony of bats in large enough quantities. The most interesting observation made during the afternoon where the bats started out to find food.
Golo Code: From the top of the hill known as Golo Code, visitors can witness the panorama and landscape is quite fantastic because the representation of various types of ecosystems can be seen from this place.
Molo Strait: Strait which has a swift current of the river that flows like water at high tide.

There are 36 dive sites in the area of ​​TN. Komodo among other frequently visited by foreign tourists for diving and snorkelling:
Tatawa Island.
Red Beach.
Gililawa Sea.
Loh Dasami.
Pillar Steen.
Batu Bolong.
Taka Napier.

And there are many other dive sites that are no less interesting with the underwater beauty.

How to reach the location:
By land:
Visitors can use the travel overland from Bali - Mataram (Lombok P.) - Bima - Sape (Sumbawa P.), then continued with a trip using the ferry every day to Labuan Bajo. From Labuan Bajo visitors can visit the Komodo National Park use the boat or speedboat.
By air:
Visitors can use air transportation from Bali (Denpasar) to Labuan Bajo every day with the existing penerpangan airlines including; Indonesian Air Transport (IAT), Pigeon, and Trigana Air.